Free lessonLevel A19 min read12 practice words

Adjectives

Describe anything in Hebrew: four forms, one fixed place after the noun, and the single ה that separates a description from a sentence.

Learn every adjective as a pair, masculine and feminine: גָּדוֹל / גְּדוֹלָה. The pair shows you how the stem changes before an ending.

Four forms that match the noungender · number

Describe it, then match it

Adjectives are how you describe the world around you: a big apartment, a good friend, a cheap flight. In Hebrew an adjective changes its shape to match the noun it describes, in gender (masculine or feminine) and in number (singular or plural).

So every adjective has four forms. Start from the masculine singular, the form the dictionary gives you. The feminine usually adds ־ָה (-a), the masculine plural ־ִים (-im) and the feminine plural ־וֹת (-ot), the same plural endings you know from nouns and the present tense.

A mixed group, even one man among many women, takes the masculine plural.

The four forms of גָּדוֹל, big

The four forms of גָּדוֹל, big
Form	Adjective	Example	Meaning
masc. sing.	גָּדוֹלgadol	חֶדֶר גָּדוֹלkheder gadol	a big room
fem. sing.	גְּדוֹלָהgdola	דִּירָה גְּדוֹלָהdira gdola	a big apartment
masc. plural	גְּדוֹלִיםgdolim	חֲדָרִים גְּדוֹלִיםkhadarim gdolim	big rooms
fem. plural	גְּדוֹלוֹתgdolot	דִּירוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹתdirot gdolot	big apartments

Real life: looking for an apartment

אֲנַחְנוּ מְחַפְּשִׂים דִּירָה גְּדוֹלָה.

anakhnu mekhapsim dira gdola

We are looking for a big apartment.

אֲנִי רוֹצָה קָפֶה גָּדוֹל.

ani rotsa kafe gadol

I’d like a large coffee (said by a woman).

The adjective agrees with the noun, not with the speaker: קָפֶה is masculine, so גָּדוֹל.

הֵם חֲבֵרִים טוֹבִים.

hem khaverim tovim

They are good friends.

Agree with the gender, not the ending

As you saw in the nouns lesson, a plural ending does not reveal the gender. The adjective always follows the grammatical gender of the noun, so look past the ending.

חַלּוֹנוֹת גְּדוֹלִיםmasc. plural

khalonot gdolim

big windows — חַלּוֹן is masculine

מְקוֹמוֹת טוֹבִיםmasc. plural

mekomot tovim

good places — מָקוֹם is masculine

שָׁנִים טוֹבוֹתfem. plural

shanim tovot

good years — שָׁנָה is feminine

נָשִׁים חֲזָקוֹתfem. plural

nashim khazakot

strong women — אִשָּׁה is feminine

When a noun has a surprising plural, learn it together with an adjective: חַלּוֹנוֹת גְּדוֹלִים, שָׁנִים טוֹבוֹת.

After the noun, with ה on bothword order · definiteness

Noun first, description second

Hebrew puts the adjective after the noun, the opposite of English and Russian: דִּירָה גְּדוֹלָה is literally “apartment big”. You already use this order every day, in greetings.

When the noun is definite, the adjective takes הַ as well: הַבַּיִת הַגָּדוֹל, the big house. The ה is part of the agreement, just like gender and number: either both words have it or neither does.

Two adjectives? Each one agrees and each one takes הַ, joined by וְ: הַדִּירָה הַחֲדָשָׁה וְהַיָּפָה, the new, beautiful apartment.

You already know this order

בֹּקֶר טוֹב

boker tov

good morning

עֶרֶב טוֹב

erev tov

good evening

לַיְלָה טוֹב

layla tov

good night — לַיְלָה is masculine, despite the ה

שָׁבוּעַ טוֹב

shavua tov

have a good week (said on Saturday night)

שָׁנָה טוֹבָה

shana tova

happy new year — שָׁנָה is feminine

נְסִיעָה טוֹבָה

nesi’a tova

have a good trip — נְסִיעָה is feminine

Every greeting is a noun followed by an adjective, and the adjective follows the noun’s gender: masculine טוֹב, feminine טוֹבָה.

Adding ה: from any one to the one

Adding ה: from any one to the one
Without ה (a, any)	With ה (the)	Meaning
חֶדֶר גָּדוֹלkheder gadol	הַחֶדֶר הַגָּדוֹלha-kheder ha-gadol	the big room
דִּירָה גְּדוֹלָהdira gdola	הַדִּירָה הַגְּדוֹלָהha-dira ha-gdola	the big apartment
יֶלֶד קָטָןyeled katan	הַיֶּלֶד הַקָּטָןha-yeled ha-katan	the little boy
בָּתִּים גְּדוֹלִיםbatim gdolim	הַבָּתִּים הַגְּדוֹלִיםha-batim ha-gdolim	the big houses

Coming up in Prepositions

When the noun’s הַ hides inside בַּ, לַ or כַּ, the adjective still keeps its own: בַּבַּיִת הַגָּדוֹל, in the big house.

The adjective as a statement

Describing versus saying

To say that something is big, put the adjective after the noun and stop. There is no word for “is” or “are”, as you saw in the present tense lesson: הַבַּיִת גָּדוֹל, the house is big.

That is why one ה matters so much. With ה on both words, הַבַּיִת הַגָּדוֹל is only a description, “the big house”, and you still have to say something about it. With ה on the noun alone, הַבַּיִת גָּדוֹל is a complete statement. An adjective used this way still agrees in gender and number, but it never takes ה.

To negate, put לֹא before the adjective: הַבַּיִת לֹא גָּדוֹל. In the past and the future you do need the verb “to be”: הַבַּיִת הָיָה גָּדוֹל, the house was big.

Phrase: it describes

הַבַּיִת הַגָּדוֹל

ha-bayit ha-gadol

the big house — ה on both

הַחֶדֶר הַקָּטָן

ha-kheder ha-katan

the small room

Sentence: it states

הַבַּיִת גָּדוֹל.

ha-bayit gadol

The house is big. — ה on the noun only

הַחֶדֶר קָטָן.

ha-kheder katan

The room is small.

How you feel, how things are

אֲנִי עָיֵף.

ani ayef

I’m tired (a man).

אֲנִי עֲיֵפָה.

ani ayefa

I’m tired (a woman).

הַקָּפֶה חַם מְאוֹד.

ha-kafe kham me’od

The coffee is very hot.

מְאוֹד, very, normally follows the adjective. In speech you will also hear מְאוֹד חַם.

אַבָּא וְאִמָּא עֲסוּקִים.

aba ve-ima asukim

Mom and Dad are busy.

A man and a woman together take the masculine plural.

הַדִּירָה הַגְּדוֹלָה יְקָרָה.

ha-dira ha-gdola yekara

The big apartment is expensive.

One adjective describes (ה on both words), the other makes the statement (no ה).

Quick check

1 of 5

“A big apartment”. דִּירָה is feminine.

When the stem changesthree patterns

The ending pulls the stress, and the vowels follow

Adding an ending moves the stress to the end of the word, and the vowels before it often shift. You don’t need the theory: three patterns cover almost every everyday adjective.

1. Adjectives in ־ֶה, like יָפֶה and קָשֶׁה, only change their last vowel in the feminine: יָפָה, written with the same letters. In the plural the ה drops: יָפִים, יָפוֹת. It works exactly like רוֹצֶה ← רוֹצָה in the present tense.

2. In adjectives like קָטָן, יָקָר and גָּדוֹל the first “a” disappears before an ending: katan → ktana, yakar → yekara.

3. Adjectives that look like present-tense verbs, such as מְעַנְיֵן (interesting) and מְצֻיָּן (excellent), take ־ֶת in the feminine, as verbs do: מְעַנְיֶנֶת, מְצֻיֶּנֶת.

After ח or ע the “a” stays: חֲדָשָׁה is khadasha, עֲיֵפָה is ayefa. With the article the masculine sounds he-, הֶחָדָשׁ (he-khadash), while the feminine stays ha-, הַחֲדָשָׁה.

Three patterns, side by side

Three patterns, side by side
Meaning · pattern	masc. sing.	fem. sing.	masc. plural	fem. plural
beautiful · 1 (־ֶה)	יָפֶהyafe	יָפָהyafa	יָפִיםyafim	יָפוֹתyafot
hard, difficult · 1 (־ֶה)	קָשֶׁהkashe	קָשָׁהkasha	קָשִׁיםkashim	קָשׁוֹתkashot
small · 2 (the a drops)	קָטָןkatan	קְטַנָּהktana	קְטַנִּיםktanim	קְטַנּוֹתktanot
expensive · 2 (the a drops)	יָקָרyakar	יְקָרָהyekara	יְקָרִיםyekarim	יְקָרוֹתyekarot
new · 2 (after ח the a stays)	חָדָשׁkhadash	חֲדָשָׁהkhadasha	חֲדָשִׁיםkhadashim	חֲדָשׁוֹתkhadashot
interesting · 3 (־ֶת)	מְעַנְיֵןme’anyen	מְעַנְיֶנֶתme’anyenet	מְעַנְיְנִיםme’anyenim	מְעַנְיְנוֹתme’anyenot

Without nikud most of these changes vanish from the page: קטנה, יקרה and חדשה look perfectly regular. What changes is the pronunciation, so learn these forms by ear.

Sentences you will actually say

אֵיזוֹ דִּירָה יָפָה!

eizo dira yafa

What a beautiful apartment!

עִבְרִית לֹא שָׂפָה קָשָׁה.

ivrit lo safa kasha

Hebrew isn’t a hard language.

הַדִּירוֹת בְּתֵל אָבִיב יְקָרוֹת.

ha-dirot be-Tel Aviv yekarot

Apartments in Tel Aviv are expensive.

זֹאת שְׁאֵלָה מְעַנְיֶנֶת.

zot she’ela me’anyenet

That’s an interesting question.

Colourso → u

Ordinary adjectives with a pattern of their own

Colours behave like every other adjective: they follow the noun and agree with it. חֻלְצָה לְבָנָה is a white shirt, יַיִן אָדֹם is red wine.

Most basic colours share one pattern: the o of the masculine turns into u in the other three forms, כָּחֹל ← כְּחֻלָּה, אָדֹם ← אֲדֻמָּה. שָׁחֹר keeps its o (שְׁחֹרָה), and לָבָן works like יָקָר: לְבָנָה.

Without nikud these words are spelled with ו: כחול, כחולה, אדומים. Read that ו as o in the masculine singular and as u in the other forms, except in שחור, which keeps its o.

Six basic colours in four forms

Six basic colours in four forms
Colour	masc. sing.	fem. sing.	masc. plural	fem. plural
red	אָדֹםadom	אֲדֻמָּהaduma	אֲדֻמִּיםadumim	אֲדֻמּוֹתadumot
blue	כָּחֹלkakhol	כְּחֻלָּהkekhula	כְּחֻלִּיםkekhulim	כְּחֻלּוֹתkekhulot
green	יָרֹקyarok	יְרֻקָּהyeruka	יְרֻקִּיםyerukim	יְרֻקּוֹתyerukot
yellow	צָהֹבtsahov	צְהֻבָּהtsehuba	צְהֻבִּיםtsehubim	צְהֻבּוֹתtsehubot
black · keeps its o	שָׁחֹרshakhor	שְׁחֹרָהshkhora	שְׁחֹרִיםshkhorim	שְׁחֹרוֹתshkhorot
white · like יָקָר	לָבָןlavan	לְבָנָהlevana	לְבָנִיםlevanim	לְבָנוֹתlevanot

Colours around you

יַיִן אָדֹם

yayin adom

red wine

שִׂמְלָה אֲדֻמָּה

simla aduma

a red dress

חֻלְצָה לְבָנָה

khultsa levana

a white shirt

מִכְנָסַיִם שְׁחֹרִים

mikhnasayim shkhorim

black trousers — מִכְנָסַיִם is masculine plural

עֵינַיִם כְּחֻלּוֹת

einayim kekhulot

blue eyes — עֵינַיִם is feminine

הַשָּׁמַיִם כְּחֻלִּים

ha-shamayim kekhulim

the sky is blue — שָׁמַיִם is masculine plural

More colours

כָּתֹםorange · katomסָגֹלpurple · sagolוָרֹדpink · varodחוּםbrown · khumאָפֹרgrey · aforתְּכֵלֶתlight blue · tkhelet

כָּתֹם, סָגֹל and וָרֹד follow the same o → u pattern: כְּתֻמָּה, סְגֻלָּה, וְרֻדָּה. חוּם keeps its u (חוּמָה), and אָפֹר keeps its o, like שָׁחֹר (אֲפֹרָה). תְּכֵלֶת, light blue, never changes: חֻלְצָה תְּכֵלֶת, מִכְנָסַיִם תְּכֵלֶת.

Nationalities and ־י adjectives

Israeli, in four forms

A large family of adjectives ends in ־י: nationalities like יִשְׂרְאֵלִי or רוּסִי, and everyday words like מְקוֹמִי (local) or טִבְעִי (natural). They have endings of their own: ־ִית in the feminine, ־ִיִּים in the masculine plural, ־ִיּוֹת in the feminine plural.

A nationality adjective is also the noun for the person: הוּא יִשְׂרְאֵלִי means both “he is Israeli” and “he is an Israeli”.

For people, nationalities drop the extra י in the masculine plural: יִשְׂרְאֵלִים, רוּסִים, as in חֲבֵרִים יִשְׂרְאֵלִים. For things they keep it, like every other ־י adjective: סְרָטִים יִשְׂרְאֵלִיִּים (sratim yisra’eliyim), מְקוֹמִי ← מְקוֹמִיִּים (mekomiyim).

The four forms of יִשְׂרְאֵלִי, Israeli

The four forms of יִשְׂרְאֵלִי, Israeli
Form	Adjective	Example	Meaning
masc. sing.	יִשְׂרְאֵלִיyisra’eli	סֶרֶט יִשְׂרְאֵלִיseret yisra’eli	an Israeli film
fem. sing.	יִשְׂרְאֵלִיתyisra’elit	מוּזִיקָה יִשְׂרְאֵלִיתmuzika yisra’elit	Israeli music
masc. plural	יִשְׂרְאֵלִיםyisra’elim	חֲבֵרִים יִשְׂרְאֵלִיםkhaverim yisra’elim	Israeli friends (for things: יִשְׂרְאֵלִיִּים)
fem. plural	יִשְׂרְאֵלִיּוֹתyisra’eliyot	מִסְעָדוֹת יִשְׂרְאֵלִיּוֹתmis’adot yisra’eliyot	Israeli restaurants

Languages are feminine adjectives

Why is Hebrew עִבְרִית? Because שָׂפָה, language, is feminine, and a language is named with the feminine form of the adjective: הַשָּׂפָה הָעִבְרִית, the Hebrew language, or simply עִבְרִית.

עִבְרִית

ivrit

Hebrew

אַנְגְּלִית

anglit

English

רוּסִית

rusit

Russian

עֲרָבִית

aravit

Arabic

Talking about yourself

A man says אֲנִי יִשְׂרְאֵלִי, a woman אֲנִי יִשְׂרְאֵלִית. Where the ־ִית form is already the name of a language, the word for a woman usually ends in ־ִיָּה instead: רוּסִיָּה, צָרְפָתִיָּה. The adjective for things stays ־ִית: מוּזִיקָה רוּסִית.

אֲנִי יִשְׂרְאֵלִית.

ani yisra’elit

I’m Israeli (a woman).

הִיא רוּסִיָּה, וְהִיא מְדַבֶּרֶת רוּסִית וְעִבְרִית.

hi rusiya, ve-hi medaberet rusit ve-ivrit

She is Russian, and she speaks Russian and Hebrew.

Quick check

1 of 5

“A small apartment”.

Common mistakes and summary

Five mistakes worth fixing now

גְּדוֹלָה דִּירָהדִּירָה גְּדוֹלָה
The adjective comes after the noun, unlike in English and Russian.
בַּיִת הַגָּדוֹלהַבַּיִת הַגָּדוֹל
Definiteness must match: ה on both words, or on neither.
חַלּוֹנוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹתחַלּוֹנוֹת גְּדוֹלִים
חַלּוֹן is masculine, so its plural takes a masculine adjective despite the ־וֹת.
דִּירָה קָטָנָהדִּירָה קְטַנָּה
In קָטָן the first vowel drops before an ending: ktana, not katana.
שְׁאֵלָה מְעַנְיֵנָהשְׁאֵלָה מְעַנְיֶנֶת
Adjectives that look like verbs take ־ֶת in the feminine: me’anyenet.

What to remember

Every adjective has four forms, usually base, ־ָה, ־ִים and ־וֹת, chosen by the noun’s grammatical gender and number, not by its ending.
The adjective follows the noun, and a definite noun passes its ה on: הַבַּיִת הַגָּדוֹל.
ה on the noun alone makes a sentence, with no word for “is”: הַבַּיִת גָּדוֹל.
Watch the stem: יָפָה, קְטַנָּה, מְעַנְיֶנֶת. Colours turn o into u: כְּחֻלָּה.
Adjectives in ־י take ־ִית, ־ִיִּים and ־ִיּוֹת, and a language is the feminine form: עִבְרִית.

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Frequently asked questions

Does the adjective come before or after the noun in Hebrew?: After. Hebrew says דִּירָה גְּדוֹלָה, literally “apartment big”, and בֹּקֶר טוֹב, “morning good”. When there are several adjectives, all of them follow the noun and all of them agree with it.
How do you make an adjective feminine in Hebrew?: Usually you add ־ָה (-a): גָּדוֹל ← גְּדוֹלָה, and the vowels before the ending may shift, as in קָטָן ← קְטַנָּה. Adjectives in ־ֶה only change that last vowel (יָפֶה ← יָפָה), adjectives in ־י add ־ת (יִשְׂרְאֵלִי ← יִשְׂרְאֵלִית), and adjectives that look like verbs take ־ֶת (מְעַנְיֵן ← מְעַנְיֶנֶת).
What are the colours in Hebrew, in masculine and feminine?: Red אָדֹם / אֲדֻמָּה, blue כָּחֹל / כְּחֻלָּה, green יָרֹק / יְרֻקָּה, yellow צָהֹב / צְהֻבָּה, black שָׁחֹר / שְׁחֹרָה, white לָבָן / לְבָנָה. Most of them turn the masculine o into u in the feminine and the plural.
How does a woman say “I’m Israeli” or “I’m Russian” in Hebrew?: אֲנִי יִשְׂרְאֵלִית and אֲנִי רוּסִיָּה. A man says אֲנִי יִשְׂרְאֵלִי and אֲנִי רוּסִי. רוּסִית, with ־ִית, is the Russian language and the adjective for things: מוּזִיקָה רוּסִית.

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Form

Adjective

Example

Meaning

masc. sing.

גָּדוֹלgadol

חֶדֶר גָּדוֹלkheder gadol

a big room

fem. sing.

גְּדוֹלָהgdola

דִּירָה גְּדוֹלָהdira gdola

a big apartment

masc. plural

גְּדוֹלִיםgdolim

חֲדָרִים גְּדוֹלִיםkhadarim gdolim

big rooms

fem. plural

גְּדוֹלוֹתgdolot

דִּירוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹתdirot gdolot

big apartments

Without ה (a, any)

With ה (the)

Meaning

חֶדֶר גָּדוֹלkheder gadol

הַחֶדֶר הַגָּדוֹלha-kheder ha-gadol

the big room

דִּירָה גְּדוֹלָהdira gdola

הַדִּירָה הַגְּדוֹלָהha-dira ha-gdola

the big apartment

יֶלֶד קָטָןyeled katan

הַיֶּלֶד הַקָּטָןha-yeled ha-katan

the little boy

בָּתִּים גְּדוֹלִיםbatim gdolim

הַבָּתִּים הַגְּדוֹלִיםha-batim ha-gdolim

the big houses

Meaning · pattern

masc. sing.

fem. sing.

masc. plural

fem. plural

beautiful · 1 (־ֶה)

יָפֶהyafe

יָפָהyafa

יָפִיםyafim

יָפוֹתyafot

hard, difficult · 1 (־ֶה)

קָשֶׁהkashe

קָשָׁהkasha

קָשִׁיםkashim

קָשׁוֹתkashot

small · 2 (the a drops)

קָטָןkatan

קְטַנָּהktana

קְטַנִּיםktanim

קְטַנּוֹתktanot

expensive · 2 (the a drops)

יָקָרyakar

יְקָרָהyekara

יְקָרִיםyekarim

יְקָרוֹתyekarot

new · 2 (after ח the a stays)

חָדָשׁkhadash

חֲדָשָׁהkhadasha

חֲדָשִׁיםkhadashim

חֲדָשׁוֹתkhadashot

interesting · 3 (־ֶת)

מְעַנְיֵןme’anyen

מְעַנְיֶנֶתme’anyenet

מְעַנְיְנִיםme’anyenim

מְעַנְיְנוֹתme’anyenot

Colour

masc. sing.

fem. sing.

masc. plural

fem. plural

red

אָדֹםadom

אֲדֻמָּהaduma

אֲדֻמִּיםadumim

אֲדֻמּוֹתadumot

blue

כָּחֹלkakhol

כְּחֻלָּהkekhula

כְּחֻלִּיםkekhulim

כְּחֻלּוֹתkekhulot

green

יָרֹקyarok

יְרֻקָּהyeruka

יְרֻקִּיםyerukim

יְרֻקּוֹתyerukot

yellow

צָהֹבtsahov

צְהֻבָּהtsehuba

צְהֻבִּיםtsehubim

צְהֻבּוֹתtsehubot

black · keeps its o

שָׁחֹרshakhor

שְׁחֹרָהshkhora

שְׁחֹרִיםshkhorim

שְׁחֹרוֹתshkhorot

white · like יָקָר

לָבָןlavan

לְבָנָהlevana

לְבָנִיםlevanim

לְבָנוֹתlevanot

Form

Adjective

Example

Meaning

masc. sing.

יִשְׂרְאֵלִיyisra’eli

סֶרֶט יִשְׂרְאֵלִיseret yisra’eli

an Israeli film

fem. sing.

יִשְׂרְאֵלִיתyisra’elit

מוּזִיקָה יִשְׂרְאֵלִיתmuzika yisra’elit

Israeli music

masc. plural

יִשְׂרְאֵלִיםyisra’elim

חֲבֵרִים יִשְׂרְאֵלִיםkhaverim yisra’elim

Israeli friends (for things: יִשְׂרְאֵלִיִּים)

fem. plural

יִשְׂרְאֵלִיּוֹתyisra’eliyot

מִסְעָדוֹת יִשְׂרְאֵלִיּוֹתmis’adot yisra’eliyot

Israeli restaurants

Frequently asked questions

Does the adjective come before or after the noun in Hebrew?

After. Hebrew says דִּירָה גְּדוֹלָה, literally “apartment big”, and בֹּקֶר טוֹב, “morning good”. When there are several adjectives, all of them follow the noun and all of them agree with it.

How do you make an adjective feminine in Hebrew?

Usually you add ־ָה (-a): גָּדוֹל ← גְּדוֹלָה, and the vowels before the ending may shift, as in קָטָן ← קְטַנָּה. Adjectives in ־ֶה only change that last vowel (יָפֶה ← יָפָה), adjectives in ־י add ־ת (יִשְׂרְאֵלִי ← יִשְׂרְאֵלִית), and adjectives that look like verbs take ־ֶת (מְעַנְיֵן ← מְעַנְיֶנֶת).

What are the colours in Hebrew, in masculine and feminine?

Red אָדֹם / אֲדֻמָּה, blue כָּחֹל / כְּחֻלָּה, green יָרֹק / יְרֻקָּה, yellow צָהֹב / צְהֻבָּה, black שָׁחֹר / שְׁחֹרָה, white לָבָן / לְבָנָה. Most of them turn the masculine o into u in the feminine and the plural.

How does a woman say “I’m Israeli” or “I’m Russian” in Hebrew?

אֲנִי יִשְׂרְאֵלִית and אֲנִי רוּסִיָּה. A man says אֲנִי יִשְׂרְאֵלִי and אֲנִי רוּסִי. רוּסִית, with ־ִית, is the Russian language and the adjective for things: מוּזִיקָה רוּסִית.